Erickson 1985 The Child Abuse Potential Inventory: A study of concurrent validity. Although random assignment is essential to scientific validity, it may be ethically impermissible if it means that a potentially life-saving or therapeutic intervention is withheld from the research subject. Which of the following statements is true about child abuse? Which of thefollowing statements about child abuse is FALSE? It should help them to live peacefully and protect the environment. 7. D. should have their principal do thereporting. Three at risk behaviors in early childhood are believed to be associated with adult onset. This condition is particularly important when the research involves persons of dependent status, such as children, prisoners, and the mentally disabled. Seitz, V. 1987 Outcome evaluation of family support programs: Research design alternatives to true experiments. This presumption may be overcome, however, The particularly vulnerable and dependent status of children places special obligations on research investigators, including greater protections for the child's privacy, confidentiality, and autonomy (Levine, 1991; Melton, 1982, 1983). Sieber, J. New Haven: Yale University Press. Beta Created by kkubat14 Terms in this set (42) increase rate of child maltreatment The recognition of child maltreatment as a social problem can be attributed to each of the following except? Widom, C. 1988 Sampling biases and implications for child abuse research. It required judges to evaluate whether a child understands the difference between the truth and falsehood. contact with the A/V through statement or contact; and 4) A/O intends to . Abuse & Neglect Psych Ch 5 Quiz Flashcards | Quizlet Child abuse Criminal negligence Defamation Domestic violence False imprisonment Harassment Home invasion Homicide Human trafficking Intimidation Kidnapping Such issues should be raised explicitly now to strengthen this area of empirical study and to inform the development of policies, regulations, and legislation that may affect subject rights and researcher obligations. Such issues are particularly important to address and resolve in developing prevention efforts so that unintended consequences may be avoided. Your email address will not be published. this rule, neither the testimony of the child's mother, nor the testimony Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. American Orthopsychiatric Association 58(2):260-270. Question: Regarding abuse, which of the following statements is FALSE? Field researchers who conduct studies of criminal behavior or socially sensitive behavior may be subject to legal interventions when data are thought to be relevant to cases that are in litigation or are under judicial or legislative review (Myers, 1992). New York: John Wiley and Sons. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Individual risk factors associated with youth violenceinclude, A. attention deficits or learning disorders, B. intolerant attitude toward those whodeviate from the norm, Family protective factors associate with youth violenceinclude, A. high parent expectations for academics, B. authoritarian parenting practices, C. limited attachment to parents/caregivers, Violence prevention policies and security strategies need tobe as diverse as, For eithersubstance use or violence prevention, the effectiveness of the DARE program is. Secondary encopresis in a child between the ages of 5 to 8 may be due to, 3. 9 Ethical and Legal Issues in Child Maltreatment Research legitimate in all States. Question 3 of 40 A mother who causes a child to become ill, inducing symptoms of disease, or fabricating illness, is exhibiting behaviors of: A. physical abuse. Just how bad is the issue of child abuse in the United States? deWolf, eds. Each research institution that receives federal funds for human subjects research is required to organize an Institutional Review Board (IRB); the IRB reviews research protocols to determine whether they comply with federal regulations governing human research. 1976a Debriefing after psychological experiment: I. D. varied significantly from year to year. Technically, federal regulations apply to federally funded research, although most institutions that receive federal funds apply the same regulations to. All of the following factors have been identified as contributing to child abuse, 8. The legitimacy of children of void marriages differs by State. The certificate of confidentiality is the most effective, yet underutilized, protection against subpoena. child neglect The text mentioned all of the following reasons for inattention to child neglect by professionals. Researchers involved in socially sensitive studies also have sometimes relied on anonymous data collection, the use of aliases, transmission of data to colleagues in foreign countries, and statistical strategies as ways of guarding the confidentiality of their data (Sieber, 1992b). victims go on to victimize others. Sign up for email notifications and we'll let you know about new publications in your areas of interest when they're released. Children who are accused of breaking the law should not be killed, tortured, treated cruelly, put in prison forever, or put in prison with adults. Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Ethical ambiguities surround this topic. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding schoolshootings? The principal responder to child abuse referrals by teachersis, Once a teacherhas reported the possibility of abuse of a student, the teacher should gatherinformation. Child abuse is a relatively recent phenomenon. of the man who was her husband at the time the child was conceived Children who move from their home country to another country as refugees (because it was not safe for them to stay there) should get help and protection and have the same rights as children born in that country. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website. Indeed, it may be unethical to select any group of abused children for a control sample in which children would not have access to possibly therapeutic services. Finally, the nature of professional and legal rights and obligations in areas such as mandated reporting, confidentiality for research subjects, and informed consent require more detailed review and analysis. All of the following have been found to be risk factors for elder abuse, 10. The methods of obtaining consent and parental permission are also important to consider. C. know abuse is in fact happening. (b) Adult violence against children is probably limited to attacks that seriously injure the child. this is not for psychology this is for english, Which of the following statements is true regarding child sexual abuse? purposes? Explore moreresources for parents and teacheron child rights. View our suggested citation for this chapter. Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features? Sieber, eds., Social Research on Children and Adolescents: Ethical Issues. It should teach them to understand their own rights, and to respect other peoples rights, cultures and differences. . B. shooting incidents weremost often resolved by law enforcement. Under Pruitt, D.L., and M.T. 3789). Issues related to the sharing of research data, particularly in studies that were not designed as child maltreatment research projects, will need to be addressed in research that focuses on antecedents and consequences of various forms of abuse and neglect. Furstenberg, F.F., J. Brooks-Gunn, and L. Chase-Landsdale 1989 Adolescent fertility and public policy. Therefore, Ein unechtes Unterlassungsdelikt setzt gem. A child conceived or born during a valid marriage is considered The questions noted above are not completely resolved in the following discussion, but the panel has identified areas in which further research may assist in their resolution. The wide variation in child maltreatment research projects needs to be. August 23. If risks are involved in the research project, IRB members may request modifications in research design features to improve the validity of the study or to provide safeguards for human subjects in the proposed research project. Family disciplinary practices, the use of violence between family members, and expressions of anger or rage are difficult to detect, observe, and record. Do you enjoy reading reports from the Academies online for free? Another issue that affects privacy and confidentiality is data sharing, particularly when large sets of social behavior data collected for one study (such as alcoholism) are subsequently used by other researchers for studies on child maltreatment. In addition to federal regulations, several professional associations (such as the American Psychological Association) have adopted guidelines that apply to human subjects research. Children can join or set up groups or organisations, and they can meet with others, as long as this does not harm other people. of the natural father, unless certain conditions are met. look to the law of the State where the parent was living when the Abuse influences a childs ability tointeract with others. Pruitt, D.L., and M.T. D Youthviolence is not just a problem in certain cities, but is a national problem. A related issue of validity is associated with the reliability of child reports and testimony. Appropriate consideration of such issues can strengthen the integrity of research on child maltreatment. 1992 Legal Issues in Child Abuse and Neglect. Children have the right to be protected from all other kinds of exploitation (being taken advantage of), even if these are not specifically mentioned in this Convention. Children have the right to use their own language, culture and religion - even if these are not shared by most people in the country where they live. Also, a waiver of parental permission may be obtained when parents are not likely to act in the child's best interests. What is the Legitimation of a Child? - Pond Law Guidelines should be prepared prior to interviews or observational studies regarding the conditions under which a researcher will divulge to parents or guardians details about the child's behavior. Jabine, and V.A. Children have the right to be protected from doing work that is dangerous or bad for their education, health or development. Which of the following statements is true about child abuse A Child Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. or born, can disprove the child's legitimacy. However, large sums may be coercive, especially for low-income participants (Keith-Spiegel and Koocher, 1985; Koocher and Keith-Spiegel, 1990). before an allegation of child maltreatment can be determined true under the Child Maltreatment Act, which defines child maltreatment as conduct that falls under one (1) or more of five (5) categories: (1) Abandonment, (2) Abuse, (3) Neglect, (4) Sexual Abuse, and (5) . User: The body has very efficient internal defenses which can remove any quantity of an unwanted substance. Recommendation 9-4: Research on the institutional research board process should be done to improve the quality of the process by which studies of child abuse and neglect are initiated and approved. Since the 1970s, the number of child abuse cases has. Child Maltreatment In 2012, U.S. state and local child protective services (CPS) received an estimated 3.4 million referrals of children being abused or neglected.1 victims of maltreatment. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding youthviolence? Whichof the following statements is FALSE about youth suicide? A Fathers Rights in Divorce and Child Custody. Koocher, G.P., and P. Keith-Spiegel 1990 Children, Ethics, and the Law: Professional Issues and Cases. The law must protect childrens privacy, family, home, communications and reputation (or good name) from any attack. Scientists are thus dependent on various institutions and personnel for the assessment and recruitment of appropriate subjects. Chicago: Rand McNally. D. have determined the identity of theperpetrator. Which of the following can be a sign of sexual abuse? PDF Definitions of Child Abuse and Neglect - Child Welfare Information Gateway 20(32):1-3. If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. One study of research procedures in child maltreatment studies has recommended that researchers be encouraged in their publications to include details about what was told to the subjects regarding the purpose of the study (Bradley and Lindsay, 1987). Child maltreatment research often involves retrospective study of reported cases, an approach that provides a convenient, but often limited, assessment of basic psychological and ecological factors that influence the development of child victimization. Especially if the divorce proceeding arent amicable, there is a lot of stress when it comes to navigating divorce in Virginia with a child. D. Allow students to participate in settingclass rules. Please enable Cookies and reload the page. B. Recommendation 9-3: Research is needed to determine the impact of debriefings both on subjects' post-project perceptions as well as on research results. Child Abuse Statistics - Childhelp A. body attributes B. material possessions c) Children often manifest nonspecific symptoms or behavioral problems. victims, e.g. Holmes (1976a,b) has provided a useful, though dated, outline of the depth of debriefing required in deceptive research, an approach that has substantial application in the field of maltreatment studies even if deception is not present. B. pass more than 75 percent of theirclasses. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER, THEN CLICK SUBMIT A children often deny that the abuse or molest is occurring B. children often disclose the abuse months or years later C. children often manifest nonspecific symptoms or behavioral problems D. all of the above This problem has been solved! A. Five issues that deserve special attention include: (1) the recruitment of research subjects; (2) informed consent and deception; (3) assignment of subjects to experimental or control programs; (4) issues of privacy, confidentiality, and autonomy; and (5) debriefing or desensitizing of research subjects following research procedures that involve deception or significant stress. Some projects involve only limited contact with research subjects, such as reviews of report records. A. Because validity is important but hard to achieve in research on children and families, factors that affect validity are receiving increased attention. D. have low truancy and dropout rates. 1992 Legal Issues in Child Abuse and Neglect. C. Munchausen's syndrome by proxy. Governments must do all they can to make sure that every child in their countries can enjoy all the rights in this Convention. The ethical and legal obligations of research investigators to their research subjects1 can be problematic, especially when research topics involve embarrassing, violent, and illegal actions (Myers, 1992; Sieber, 1992a,b). Governments should make sure children are protected and looked after by their parents, or by other people when this is needed. As in the area of recruitment of research subjects, research reports of child maltreatment studies rarely describe procedures used at the end of the project; either debriefings do not occur, or they are not considered impor-. Ethical issues likely to arise in longitudinal prospective studies need to be identified, to clarify principles of responsible conduct regarding the treatment of risk factors, suspected abuse scenarios, and the rights of research subjects to privacy and confidentiality. Many scientists believe that subjects should never be deliberately deceived about the nature of the study, but the deliberate withholding of information may be necessary to maintain the validity of the study. Discipline in schools should respect childrens rights and never use violence. National Institutes of Health 1991 NIH Guide to Grants and Contracts. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Definition. Chapter 7 in D.J. In addition, the research protocol discusses the need for human subjects, associated risks and benefits, and the use of appropriate safeguards for risks associated with the research. Adults should listen and take children seriously. 3. Children should be encouraged to go to school to the highest level possible. Child Neglect: Harm or threatened harm to a child's health or welfare by a parent, legal guardian, or any other person responsible for the child's health or welfare that occurs through either of the following: Negligent treatment, including the failure to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter, or medical care. In some States, void marriage statutes provide that children of void The issue of the reliability of adult memories of childhood abuse, in particular, remains controversial. The office is authorized to suspend research with human subjects that involves violations of Department of Health and Human Services regulations for the protection of human subjects. Register for a free account to start saving and receiving special member only perks. 2. Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Social Services, Office of Child Abuse Prevention. To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter. AHT accounts for about one-third of all child maltreatment deaths. b) Children often disclose the abuse months or years later. considered in reviewing the significance of ethical and legal issues. Every child who has been placed somewhere away from home - for their care, protection or health should have their situation checked regularly to see if everything is going well and if this is still the best place for the child to be. Which of the following statements is true regarding child abuse - Weegy Where necessary, it can withdraw an institution's departmental assurance of compliance with the regulations. Such studies require greater resources, time, and effort not only from investigators and participants but also from institutions and service personnel. human trafficking, including labor trafficking, involuntary servitude, or trafficking of minors, is included in the definition of child abuse.6 Nine States include female genital mutilation in the definitions of physical abuse.7 NEGLECT Childrenwho have been confronted by a catastrophic event often display an inability tobuild or maintain friendships or relationships with teachers which manifests as. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. children? maltreated leading to state intervention, d) children who are older are at less likelihood to be One of the most difficult ethical issues to resolve in child maltreatment studies is the extent to which the true purpose of the research project is disclosed to and discussed with the subject or parent. D. Abuse is related to poor schoolperformance. a court of competent jurisdiction to declare the child legitimate. Under the laws of most States, a child marriages are legitimate. However, dehoaxing is sometimes harmful, and desensitizing is sometimes impossible. Which action are teachers who suspect abuse advised NOT todo? B. from other teachers about theirobservations. Parents may also have attitudes about certain child behaviors (such as thumb-sucking, bedwetting, and masturbation) that differ significantly from those of the research investigator. d. Race has often been used as a grouping variable but it has less value than charac-. the House of Refuge Movement Many trace the discovery of child abuse to ___ of the early 1800's a social condition;a social problem 2. B. dispel common myths about youthviolence. The Convention explains who children are, all their rights, and the responsibilities of governments. What kind of approach have many schools embraced to mediateconflicts? Children whose parents dont live together should stay in contact with both parents unless this might harm the child. B. sharing the intestate personal property of the natural mother. Children have the right to share freely with others what they learn, think and feel, by talking, drawing, writing or in any other way unless it harms other people. b. Scientists do not have an unrestricted right to determine whether to reveal to a law enforcement officer or a court official the identity of their research subjects or the nature or sources of their information. Myers, J.E.B. Regardless of the type of abuse, the result is serious emotional harm. Child maltreatment research requires a host of ethical and legal considerations in formulating a research agenda for this field. One major methodological problem associated with studies of child abuse and neglect is how to get a sample of young children to talk candidly about abuse and attempted abuse, especially abuse involving sexual behavior (Finkelhor and Strapko, 1992:161). Parents are the main people responsible for bringing up a child. The panel believes that a research agenda for child maltreatment studies should include attention to fundamental ethical and legal issues that pervade this field of inquiry. The interest of the scientist in validity affects all phases of the research project, including the development of the research design, recruitment and selection of the project sample, assignment of research subjects to control and experimental groups, choice of research instrumentation, and evaluation of research outcomes. The validity of scientific research takes on special relevance in studies of children and other vulnerable populations, when research results are likely to influence social policy and public perceptions of the problem under study (Sieber, 1992a). Questions and answers about memories of childhood abuse Children have the right to give their opinions freely on issues that affect them. therzo24 what are your choices? tant enough to warrant discussion in journal articles (Bradley and Lindsay, 1987). Although the federal certificate of confidentiality may preempt state reporting requirements, legal opinions on this matter differ (Sieber, 1992a). Research evaluations, especially in the area of child sexual abuse, have suggested that some prevention programs (such as the "good touch, bad touch" educational programs) may not diminish child maltreatment, often stimulate greater disclosure of abuse reports among the child participants, and may have unintended long-term consequences on adult sexual behavior (such as distrust of physical or sexual intimacy) that have not been carefully considered in the development of the program (Conte, 1987). These articles explain how governments, the United Nations including the Committee on the Rights of the Child and UNICEF - and other organisations work to make sure all children enjoy all their rights. if this was the answer you were looking for. D. demonstrate periods of overachievement. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is an important agreement by countries who have promised to protect childrens rights. In particular, the panel recommends the following topics as research priorities: Recommendation 9-1: The disclosure of unreported incidents of abuse by research subjects requires greater analysis to clarify the circumstances that foster such disclosures, the methods by which researchers respond to subject disclosures, and the outcomes for research subjects who disclose incidents of maltreatment.
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